Learn English In 100 Days
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1. Correct English Grammar: Interjection
Usually no errors are associated with Interjections because they are isolated expressions and are preceded by a sentence. Interjections do use an exclamatory sign after them. The followings are the expressions:
Common English Rules
1. Interjections of happy emotions should represent happy events and vice versa.
1. Bravo! You have done well.
2. Hush! Don't speak louder.
3. What! I can't understand.
4. Why! where’s every one?
5. Alas! I am undone.
6. Well done! That ‘s a good attempt.
7. Yahoo! We have won the game.
8. Hurrah! The door is open.
9. Good Gracious! What is he going to do?
10. O people! What happens to you?
11. Ah! Where are the joys?
12. What a pity! You are so careless.
Incorrect Correct
1. Yahoo! He has failed.
2. Hush! Tell every body. Alas! He has failed.
3. What a pity! His father is dead. Hush! Don't tell any body.
What a pity! His father is dead.
2. Correct English Grammar: Conjunction
Conjunctions join nouns, phrases and clauses and add transitions to one’s speech and writing. There is a better flow of ideas if conjunctions are used properly.
Common English Rules
1. Elements in the Parallel statements must be parallel. We must use Present Indefinite Tense after When, If, As soon as and Unless if there is a Future Tense in the next clause. Both refers to two things, not more than two, so As well As must be used with it if there are more than two persons or things.
2. We use Whether after Doubt, not That. After Although, we must use Yet, not, But. We use Than after No sooner and When after Scarcely. Two Conjunctions in one sentence are not possible. After Lest, we must use Should, not Shall.
Incorrect
1. I speak both English as well as Urdu.
2. It is durable and also inexpensive.
3. Both Sameer, Ali, and Shaan are talking part in this match.
4. He plays hockey and cricket also.
5. He listens not only to music but dances also.
6. He went to the States so he can meet his brother.
7. We will go to meet him when his father will come back home.
8. I will pay you when my pay will rise in June.
Correct
I speak both English and Urdu.
It is both durable and inexpensive.
Both Sameer and Ali as well as Shaan are talking part in this match.
He plays both hockey and cricket/ He plays hockey as well as cricket.
He listens not only to music but also dances.
He went to the States so that he could/might meet his brother.
We will go to meet him when his father comes back home.
I will pay you when my pay rises in June.
3. Correct English Grammar:The Preposition
Prepositions are tiny words, which connect two words in respect to their relation, direction and state. Prepositions can usually be controlled by cramming because there are no hard and fast rules to learn them, as there are many exceptions.
Common English Rules
1. Some words do not take prepositions after them.
2. Some verbs do take prepositions after them.
3. If a verb takes a particular preposition, it must be used if the sentence has an object to which the preposition refers.
4. After Regard, Define, we use As, but not after Consider.
5. We use Between for two and Among for more than two. Beside means “near” and
Besides means “In addition to”. We use either Despite or In spite of but no other form is possible.
6. The above incorrect Prepositional sentences represent wrong use of Prepositions.
Incorrect
1. We love with Pakistan.
2. He resembles with his father.
3. When did you enter into the building?
4. I reached at the station very late.
5. I asked from him his name.
Correct
We love Pakistan.
He resembles his father.
When did you enter the building?
I reached the station very late.
I asked him his name.
Incorrect
1. We pray God when we are in trouble.
2. I am listening you.
3. She hasn’t written me since Eid.
4. If I am off, I have to explain my boss.
5. He said me, “We should go home now.”
Correct
1.We pray to God when we are in trouble.
2. I am listening to you.
3. She hasn’t written to me since Eid.
4. If I am off, I have to explain to my boss.
5. He said to me, “We should go home now.”
4. Correct English Grammar: Verb
Verb is the most important Part of Speech in English. So, special care should be taken while using it. Choice of verbs and proper handling of its forms and clauses is most important for flawless communication. Verbs normally show action and state.
Common English Rules:
1. Before FOR and SINCE, we usually use Perfect or Perfect Continuous Tenses, not Continuous tenses. Verbs such as understand, hear and smell are not normally used in Progressive Tenses.
2. Transitive verbs must take objects and Intransitive verbs do the otherwise. Also, the Intransitive verbs are not used in the passive.
3. If a job is done to the subject of a sentence, it must be in the passive. In Passives, we always use the third form of the verb. By is used if there is an Agent and With if there is an instrument.
4. If the first clause of a sentence is in the past, the other, too, must be past
5. We don’t use Not after Unless. If there are two clauses in a sentence referring to the future, If, When, unless should be in the Present.
6. We don’t use To after all Modal Auxiliaries such as Can, Could, Will and Had better. Must is used for Logical Necessity and Should for social and moral obligations. We always use Second form of the verb after Would Rather That. (Be) Used To shows habits and must take an –Ing after the verb and Used To shows habitual actions in the past, it doesn’t take an –Ing. After Suggested/ Proposed/It is important That, we use verb without S,ES in TPS. After High Time and As If, we use Past Indefinite or Was or Were.
8. We don’t use To after Let, Make and Have when they are used in Causative sentences. But we use To after Get. When you don’t mention the Agent, you can use Third form of the verb after Get and Have; but if there is an Agent, you must use first form of the verb after them.
9. I Wish shows Optative feelings and Kaash. For this, Only the following structures are possible with the following meanings.
a. I wish + Had iii = Past meaning
b. Would/could = Present/future temporary wish
c. ii verb form = Present repeated wish
d. were = Future wish
Incorrect
1. When I went to see him, he was watching.
2. Many people are died daily.
3. He killed and was sent to prison.
4. What was happened yesterday?
5. What you are saying?
6. Who did come to your home?
Correct
1. When I went to see him, he was watching TV/ a film etc.
2. Many people die daily.
3. He killed a man etc. and was sent to prison.
4. What happened yesterday?
5. What are you saying?
6. Who came to your home?
Incorrect
1. He told me that he will come soon.
2. They said to me that they are late.
3. I didn't say that I am working.
4. You said that he live here.
5. We said with sorrow that what a pity!
Correct
1. He told me that he would come soon.
2. They told me that they were late.
3. I didn't say that I was working.
4. You said that he lived there/ lives here.
5. We exclaimed with sorrow that it was a pity.
5. Correct English Grammer: Adverbs
Adverbs, unlike Adjectives, modify verbs and Adjectives; but do not qualify or modify Noun or Pronoun. They are mainly limited to Verbs only and control their performance and frequency.
Common English Rules: Adverbs
1. Only Adverbs modify verbs, not Adjectives. Some words look like Adverbs such as cowardly, manly etc. but are Adjectives, so they cannot modify verbs.
2. In Verbal Modifiers, we use Too instead of Very; otherwise in simple sentences, Too is wrong before Adjectives in Academic Register.
3. Past Indefinite Tense takes Ago, not Before. Before Past Participles, we use Adverbs, not Adjectives to convey the sense of manner.
4. Adverbs of frequency usually come in the middle of a sentence and Adverbs of time usually come at the end. The complete expression to show ability is Know how to+ vi., not Know alone.
5. We don’t normally use To after But and Than. We use Else but and Other than, not the otherwise.
6. We usually use Yet at the end of a sentence and Even and Already between Helping and Real Verbs.
7. When must take a subject. We use For to show period of time and Since to show point of time.
8. If Adverbs of Frequency are used before the sentence, the helping verb comes, before the subject. Some time means “for some time only, not for long” and Sometimes means “only often or occasionally, not always”
9. As a whole means “Generally” and Wholly means “Completely”.
Incorrect
1. He works here often.
2. We go to school always.
3. Usually I sleep at nine.
4. They yesterday saw a film.
5. Never you behave well.
6. I don't know to make tea.
7. We don't know the reason why you smoke.
8. This is the place where we lived two years ago.
Correct
1. He often works here.
2. We always go to school.
3. I usually sleep at nine.
4. They saw a film yesterday.
5. You never behave well.
6. I don't know how to make tea.
7. We don't know why you smoke.
8. This is where/ This is the place we lived two years ago.
6. Correct English Grammar: Adjective
Adjectives are qualifying words, which add quality to noun or pronoun or modify them. Adjectives are limited to nouns and pronouns so, they cannot modify or qualify verbs. Adjectives, the descriptive words, are very helpful in making descriptions, and they compose a larger part of English Language.
Common English Rules: Adjectives - 1
1. ELDER is not the comparative form of OLD, so it cannot be used in Comparison. We do not use MORE before a comparative form (two comparative forms are not used together). When the comparison is made to the whole, the speaker must be excluded. The quality or possession of something must be compared with the quality or possession of another, not the object itself. When one thing or person is compared with the two, we used comparative form with THE and OF instead of THAN.
2. After words like SENIOR, JUNIOR, INFERIOR, we use TO instead of THAN.
3. LITTLE is used for quantity and FEW for number. The comparative form of LITTLE is Less and the comparative form of FEW is FEWER. A LITTLE means some and LITTLE means Not enough. Similarly, A FEW is Some and FEW is Not enough. We don’t use NOT ANY instead we use NO alone.
4. We use SAME --- AS not SAME --- LIKE. We use ENOUGH before nouns and after adjectives.
5. LIKE is a Preposition and ALIKE is an ADVERB. We cannot leave LIKE at the end of a sentence.
Incorrect
1. Your book is same like mine.
2. My new bike was exactly the same to yours.
3. His ideas are similar as mine.
4. Almost people here live on fish.
5. The most boys failed in English.
6. Most of teachers at our college are hardworking.
7. There are enough thing for us.
8. He is as old enough to go home alone.
9. I am enough brave to fight with you.
Correct
1. Your book is the same as mine.
2. My new bike was exactly the same as yours.
3. His ideas are similar to mine.
4. Almost all of the /most of the people here live on fish.
5. Most/ Most of the boys failed in English.
6. Most of/Almost all of the teachers at our college are hardworking.
7. There are enough things for us.
8. He is old enough to go home alone.
9. I am brave enough to fight with you.
7. Correct English Grammar: Demonstrative
Demonstratives normally act as pronouns and are used to introduce persons and things. Their role in English is very limited; therefore, not many errors are associated with them. Demonstratives also act as Introductory subjects; but have no individual meaning.
Common English Rules: Demonstratives
We usually This/that for introductions instead of He,she etc.
Incorrect
1. Hello, that is Aslam speaking.
2. A: That is my friend, Ali.
B: Nice to meet you!
3. A: Are these your books?
B: No, these are not mine.
4. A: Who’s he?
B: He’s my friend, Ali.
5. A: Who is at the door?
B: I am.
6. Those work hard and succeed.
7. It is my friend, Jameel.
8. This was marvelous! What was in it?
9. If you are this expert, why are you poor?
10. I can never forget that long winter evenings.
Correct
1. Hello, this is Aslam speaking.
2. This is my friend, Ali.
B. Nice to meet you!
3. Are these your books?
B. No, those are not mine.
4. Who’s that?
B. That’s my friend, Ali.
5. Who is at the door?
B. This/It is I (me).
6. Those who work hard succeed.
7. This is my friend, Jameel.
8. That was marvelous! What was in it?
9. If you are that expert, why are you poor?
10. I can never forget those long winter evenings.
8. Correct English Grammar: Pronoun
Pronouns replace nouns and add variety in language. Nouns and pronouns must be in agreement with each other. Special attention should be paid to the case of Pronoun when used after Than. After Pronouns, their corresponding verbs should be used.
Common English Rules: Pronouns
1. If PRONOUN is the subject, it has to be in the Subjective case and vice versa.
2. In academic English, subjective form of the pronouns is used after Than.
3. For countries, we use It/ Her. WHICH is used of animals and objects and WHO of persons. ONE is followed by ONE'S and EVERY ONE by HE.
4. After verbs such as ENJOY, AVAIL etc., we must use REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS.
5. With ONE OF… the verb is singular if it points to ONE out of many as the subject; but is plural if it refers to the people/students/ boys etc. as subjects. ONE is always followed by ONE and SUCH by AS. If SUCH is not exemplifying, we use LIKE with SUCH.
6. For something bad, the order of pronoun is: I, he and you but for something good, it is You, he and I.
7. SOME is used in positive sentences and ANY is used in negative and interrogative sentences.
8. With parts of body, we use POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS , not The. Each other is used of two persons or things and One another is used of more than two.
Incorrect
1. He’s older than me.
2. You are as good as him.
3. My experience is greater than your.
4. She cooks better than me.
5. Your’s obediently,
6. Our’s is an agricultural country.
7. We are more fortunate than they all.
Correct
1. He’s older than I.
2. You are as good as he.
3. My experience is greater than yours.
4. She cooks better than I.
5.Yours obediently,
6.Ours is an agricultural country.
7. We are more fortunate than them all.
9. Correct English Grammar: Noun
Nouns are naming words. Some nouns are singular and plural but there are some, which look plural; but are used singularly and vice versa. Countable nouns are always singular and don’t take S,ES . Many collective nouns may be used singular or plural depending on the meaning intended.
Common English Rules: NOUN
1. Words such as news, information, politics and mathematics are always singular.
2. Cattle is plural and Fish or Deer are singular and plural alike.
4. Collective nouns, when used as units, are singular; but otherwise plural.
5. Pieces of garments and other pair nouns, such as trousers, tongs etc., are always plural.
Incorrect
1. She has many informations.
2. Poetries have their effects.
3. He gave me many advices.
4. The students had several works to do.
5. He broke a news to me.
6. A laughter is the best medicine.
7. His whereabouts are not known.
Correct
1. She has much information.
2. Poetry has its effects.
3.He gave me much advice.
4.The students had much work to do.
5. He broke a piece of news to me.
6.Laughter is the best medicine or A laugh is the best...
7. His whereabouts is not known.
Correct English Grammar: Article, A, An, The
The small words, The, A and An are called Articles. There are certain points where they are or are not used. An is used with words beginning a vowel sound and A is used the otherwise. There are many common errors associated with them.
Common English Rules: Articles
1. THE is used with all singular count nouns.
2. THE is not used in expressions which generalize things or people.
3. THE is not normally used with proper nouns or if a common noun is used in a general sense.
4. Before holy books, nationalities, seas, nations and superlative adjectives, THE is used.
Incorrect
1. I recite Holy Qur’an daily.
2. There are many stars in sky and on ground.
3. He is same man as I was talking about.
4. He is tallest boy in world.
5. Poors are very innocent.
6. Who are Chinese?
7. They love playing piano.
8. Good readers read news.
9. Indus is the longest river in Pakistan.
10. Maldives and Philippines are beautiful.
Correct
1. I recite the Holy Qur’an daily.
2. There are many stars in the sky and on the ground.
3. He is the same man as I was talking about.
4. He is the tallest boy in the world.
5. The poor are very innocent.
6.Who are the Chinese?
7.They love playing the piano.
8. Good readers read the news.
9. The Indus is the longest river in Pakistan.
10. The Maldives and the Philippines are beautiful.
Correct English Grammar: Part of Speech
Part of Speech are the function words, which compose the English Language. Without a study of these function words, it is not possible to write or speak correctly. There are ten Parts of Speech which play their respective important roles in English communication.
1. Articles
2. Noun
3. Pronoun
4. Demonstratives
5. Adjectives
6. Adverbs
7. Verbs
8. Prepositions
9. Conjunctions
10. Interjections
Learn the above Parts of Speech in the given examples and try to analyze how the usage has been applied and what error is committed in using a particular Part of Speech.Note: The italicized and underlined words are corrected forms and bold words are the reason for correction.
